Drinking Kombucha During Pregnancy – Is It Safe?

Fermented tea drink kombucha has skyrocketed in popularity in recent years on the strength of claims that it has beneficial health effects. However, when it comes to pregnancy, expectant mothers often have concerns about what is safe to consume. While kombucha offers several positive attributes, pregnant women need to exercise caution and make informed decisions. This article sheds some light on the topic of drinking kombucha during pregnancy.

What Is Kombucha?

Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage that has been consumed for centuries and is believed to have originated in East Asia. Using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), sweetened tea is fermented into kombucha. The SCOBY, often referred to as the “kombucha mushroom” or “mother,” initiates the fermentation process¹.

During fermentation, the yeast in the SCOBY converts the sugar in the tea into alcohol. The bacteria in the SCOBY then convert the alcohol into organic acids, such as acetic acid, which give kombucha its characteristic tangy flavor. This fermentation process typically takes about one to two weeks. The resulting drink has a mild fizz and a flavor that can range from mildly sweet to sour and vinegary. Acidic undertones and subtle sweetness are common in kombucha’s flavor profile.

Related Reading: Maida During Pregnancy

Kombucha is known for its potential health benefits. It contains probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that can support gut health and digestion. It also contains antioxidants and small amounts of vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. However, it’s important to note that scientific research on the specific health effects of kombucha is limited, and much of the evidence is anecdotal.

Commercially, kombucha is available in various flavors and can be found in health food stores, supermarkets, or even brewed at home by enthusiasts.

Is It Safe To Consume Fermented Foods During Pregnancy?

Consuming fermented foods during pregnancy can be safe and even beneficial for most women. Fermented foods are rich in probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that promote a healthy gut and support the immune system. However, it is essential to exercise caution and consider a few factors:

• Quality and source: Ensure that the fermented foods you consume are made with high-quality ingredients and prepared in hygienic conditions. Homemade fermented foods should follow proper food safety practices

• Allergies and sensitivities: If you have any known allergies or sensitivities to specific fermented foods or their ingredients, avoid consuming them during pregnancy

• Introduce gradually: If you haven’t consumed fermented foods before, it’s recommended to introduce them gradually into your diet and observe how your body reacts

• Consult your healthcare provider: Every pregnancy is unique, and it’s always a good idea to consult your healthcare provider before making any significant dietary changes. They can offer you individual guidance based on your unique health requirements and medical background

Fermented foods that are generally considered safe to consume during pregnancy include yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and pickles. These foods can provide beneficial probiotics, vitamins, and minerals. However, it’s important to maintain a balanced diet and not rely solely on fermented foods for your nutritional needs.

Remember, moderation is key, and it’s advisable to consume a variety of foods to ensure a well-rounded and nutritious diet during pregnancy. When consumed in excessive amounts, kombucha can cause a variety of unpleasant side effects, including headaches, nausea, stomach pain, and even ketoacidosis².

Is It Safe To Drink Kombucha While Pregnant?

The safety of consuming Kombucha during pregnancy is still a topic of debate.

Kombucha is created through a fermentation process involving the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). This process produces various organic acids, probiotics, and antioxidants, which may promote digestive health and boost the immune system. Additionally, some anecdotal evidence suggests that kombucha could provide relief from pregnancy-related symptoms like nausea and constipation.

Nevertheless, pregnant women should be aware that drinking kombucha tea during pregnancy also carries potential risks. The fermentation process produces trace amounts of alcohol, caffeine, and acids like acetic acid. These substances can have adverse effects on fetal development and maternal health if consumed excessively. This is one of the most common side effects of kombucha while pregnant.

Related Reading: 10 Teas That Are Best Avoided During Pregnancy

To ensure safety, it is recommended that pregnant women consult with their healthcare provider before adding kombucha to their diet. They can give specific advice based on the person’s health and how the pregnancy is going.

Ultimately, expectant mothers must strike a balance between the potential benefits and risks associated with consuming kombucha during pregnancy.

Non-Alcoholic Kombucha During Pregnancy 

Non-alcoholic kombucha during pregnancy can offer several potential benefits. Non-alcoholic kombucha refers to a version of kombucha that has been brewed with minimal alcohol content, typically below 0.5% ABV (alcohol by volume)³. It’s important to note that even non-alcoholic kombucha may contain trace amounts of alcohol due to the fermentation process. However, the levels are typically well below the limits set for alcoholic beverages.

To create non-alcoholic kombucha, several methods can be employed⁴:

• Shorter fermentation time: The fermentation period can be reduced, limiting the time available for alcohol production. This helps keep the alcohol content low but still allows for the desired flavors and benefits of kombucha to develop
• Dilution: After the initial fermentation process, the kombucha can be diluted with water or other non-alcoholic liquids to further reduce the alcohol content
• Controlled fermentation: Techniques such as temperature control and monitoring of sugar levels can be employed to regulate fermentation and minimize alcohol production. This helps maintain the alcohol content within the desired range

Manufacturers often test their products to ensure compliance with alcohol content regulations. 

Related Reading: Causes, Signs And Remedies For Food Poisoning During Pregnancy

Is store-bought kombucha safe during pregnancy?

While store-bought kombucha is generally considered safe, pregnant women need to consider some key points:

• May contain more than the recommended amount of alcohol content
• Some kombucha varieties may contain added tea, which naturally contains caffeine. This could hike the overall caffeine intake
• It’s possible that some commercial brands of kombucha aren’t pasteurized, making them unsafe for pregnant women to consume

Each pregnancy is different, so it’s important to talk to your doctor before incorporating kombucha or any other unusual food or drink into your diet. Based on your current health, how far along you are in your pregnancy, and your specific concerns, they can give you personalized recommendations.

Benefits Of Kombucha When Pregnant

This fermented tea beverage offers a unique flavor and potential health benefits. It has gained popularity as a refreshing and probiotic-rich drink, although further research is necessary to fully understand its health effects. Fruit and vegetable juices are frequently incorporated into kombucha. Commonly consumed juices comprise apples, strawberries, kale, oranges, and a plethora of other fruits and vegetables that are amenable to juicing. The incorporation of these fruits and vegetables into kombucha does not compromise their nutritional benefits, making it a viable source of additional nutrients. 

Following are some of the benefits of Kombucha during pregnancy:

1. Rich in probiotics: 

Kombucha is a fizzy probiotic beverage. Kombucha is a fermented beverage made with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). This particular infusion of tea, which has undergone the process of fermentation, comes infused with ethanol and carbon dioxide, as well as a high concentration of advantageous bacteria and yeasts that function as probiotics, thereby promoting the well-being of the gastrointestinal tract and facilitating the process of digestion⁵.

2. Enhance immunity

A healthy gut is crucial during pregnancy, as it aids in nutrient absorption and helps maintain a strong immune system. Kombucha is beneficial because of the probiotics it contains. Drinking kombucha to promote gut health may help strengthen your immune system since 70 to 80 percent of immune cells are located in the gut microbiota⁶.

Polyphenols, which are abundant in kombucha, are thought to encourage the development of some beneficial microorganisms⁷. Simply put, kombucha helps strengthen the immune system by increasing the number of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the number of dangerous bacteria in the body.

3. Reduce the risk of anemia

Drinking Kombucha during pregnancy has been shown to increase hemoglobin and oxygen levels, reducing the risk of anemia and fatigue⁸. This is because iron molecules are released during the brewing process of kombucha. A healthy level of hemoglobin lowers the likelihood of developing anemia.

Helps to enhance energy levels and support the functioning of the nervous system: Kombucha contains small amounts of caffeine and B vitamins, which can provide a natural energy boost. Kombucha’s high levels of ascorbic acid, amino acids, and vitamin B⁸ , mean that it’s a great choice for those looking to alleviate the symptoms of nervous system disorders including depression, anxiety, and epileptic seizures.

4. Hydration

Staying properly hydrated is important throughout pregnancy. Kombucha, like other beverages, can contribute to your daily fluid intake, helping to prevent dehydration.

5. Rich in antioxidants

Kombucha often contains antioxidants, which can help protect your body from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The variety of tea exerts a noteworthy impact on the parameters linked to antioxidant capacity⁹. Antioxidants play a role in reducing inflammation and supporting overall health.

6. B-vitamins

The kombucha fermentation process can produce B vitamins, including B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin)¹⁰. These vitamins are essential for energy production, brain function, and red blood cell formation.

7. Alleviate constipation

Some pregnant women may experience constipation due to hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus. The probiotics in kombucha may promote regular bowel movements and relieve constipation. According to studies, constipation may be alleviated and normal bowel habits can be restored with the help of a pasteurized fermented non-alcoholic drink based on kombucha augmented with inulin¹¹.

8. Helps reduce the risk of UTI

Taking a probiotic, particularly one with Lactobacillus strains, may help with urinary tract infection prevention¹². If you don’t have enough of it in your body, you could develop a UTI or other urinary tract problems. Kombucha and other fermented foods can be a great source of this helpful probiotic¹³. UTIs aren’t uncommon for people to contract during pregnancy and after giving birth

Risks When Drinking Kombucha During Pregnancy

Drinking kombucha, a fermented tea beverage can have several potential risks and precautions associated with it. While kombucha can offer certain health benefits, it’s important to be aware of potential risks and take necessary precautions when you consume it during pregnancy. Here are some considerations:

1. Alcohol content

Kombucha is a fermented beverage, and during the fermentation process, trace amounts of alcohol can be produced. Most commercially available kombucha brands adhere to strict guidelines and regulations, ensuring that the alcohol content remains below 0.5% per volume.

Homemade kombucha may sometimes have a higher alcohol content. While the content of alcohol in Kombucha is very low, drinking too much of it can endanger your baby, and it is best not to take any risks.

2. Caffeine content 

• Some kombucha varieties may contain added tea, which naturally contains caffeine
• While the caffeine levels in kombucha are generally lower than in a typical cup of tea, it’s still worth being mindful of your overall caffeine intake during pregnancy
• Moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe, but excessive amounts should be avoided

3. Possibility of harboring pathogenic bacteria

• Unpasteurized kombucha, like the kind sold under the name “pure,” may harbor harmful bacteria that can spread diseases like listeria, which is the primary cause of miscarriages.
• The environment required for probiotic breeding is also conducive to the growth of harmful bacteria.
• Improper sanitation during the preparation of Kombucha can lead to contamination
• Apart from the likelihood of being manufactured in unsanitary conditions, homemade varieties have the potential to foster mold or unfavorable bacteria if the containers are improperly stored or preserved for prolonged durations

4. Allergy risk

Kombucha typically contains trace amounts of alcohol, residual caffeine, and organic acids. Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to these components, leading to adverse reactions. Some pregnant women can be allergic to tea or certain fruits.

5. Dental risk

Kombucha is acidic due to the fermentation process, which can potentially contribute to tooth enamel erosion over time. So there is always risk of dental issues.

Precautions When Drinking Kombucha During Pregnancy

• Pregnant women should check the label or contact the manufacturer to confirm the alcohol content before consuming. Even when purchasing non-alcoholic kombucha, it’s advisable to look for reputable brands with minimal alcohol content
• Ensure that you’re purchasing kombucha from a reliable source and that it’s properly stored. Look for brands that follow good manufacturing practices and have a reputation for producing high-quality products
• Additionally, check the expiration date and store kombucha in the refrigerator to maintain its freshness and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria
• If you’re taking any medications or have specific health conditions, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating kombucha into your diet. Kombucha contains organic acids and may interact with certain medications or impact the effectiveness of some treatments
• While making homemade kombucha can be enjoyable, there is a risk of contamination and the growth of harmful bacteria if not done properly. If you’re making kombucha at home, follow a trusted recipe, maintain cleanliness, and monitor the fermentation process carefully. If you’re unsure or concerned about safety, it’s safer to purchase commercially produced kombucha
• If you have any known allergies or sensitivities, carefully read the ingredient list or consult with a healthcare professional to ensure there are no potential triggers for you
• If you’re new to kombucha, it’s recommended to start with small amounts and gradually increase your intake. This allows your body to adjust to the probiotics and organic acids present in kombucha. Starting with a few ounces per day and monitoring your body’s response is a prudent approach
• To reduce the risk of tooth enamel erosion, consider drinking kombucha in moderation, use a straw to minimize contact with teeth, and rinse your mouth with water afterward

Conclusion

According to Our Nutritionist, Sushree, there are very few studies that have shown some potential health benefits of Kombucha, such as maintaining gut health and providing B complex vitamins. However, many studies have shown potential health risks of kombucha consumption, which can have serious health effects like allergic reactions, infections and lead poisoning due to high acidity that can leach from containers in which it is prepared. It is especially advised to avoid consuming kombucha during pregnancy if you have a weakened immune system, as this could affect both the mother and the developing fetus.

There is a lot of debate about whether or not drinking Kombucha while pregnant is healthy for you. It is important to pay attention to how your body reacts to it. If you experience any adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions, it’s best to discontinue consumption and consult a healthcare professional. Remember, while kombucha can offer few potential health benefits, it’s essential to consume it in moderation and make informed choices based on your specific circumstances.